Grinding of stainless steel
Grinding characteristics of stainless steel
1.Grinding swarf is prone to adhere to and clog the grinding wheel. Due to the influence of the chemical, physical and mechanical properties of stainless steel. Its grinding processability is relatively poor. During grinding, grinding chips tend to adhere to the working surface of the grinding wheel, blocking the pores on the grinding wheel and causing the abrasive grains to lose their cutting ability. The degree of this phenomenon during grinding varies among different types of stainless steel. This phenomenon is most serious when grinding stainless steel that is resistant to concentrated acid and heat. Austenitic stainless steel comes second. Martensitic stainless steels such as 1Cr13 and 2Cr13 have relatively mild adhesion and clogging.
2.The grinding force is large and the grinding temperature is high. Stainless steel has high toughness and thermal strength. However, the cutting edge of the grinding wheel's abrasive grains has a large negative rake Angle. During the grinding process, the grinding chips are not easily removed, resulting in significant cutting resistance and intense squeezing and friction. In addition, the thermal conductivity of stainless steel is very low, which results in a grinding force of 68,000 mpa per unit area and a temperature of 1000 to 1500℃ in the grinding zone, making it prone to burning.
3.The grinding surface is severely hardened. During the grinding process of stainless steel, the friction and extrusion deformation are large, resulting in a particularly severe cold and hard phenomenon on the grinding surface. Due to the large elongation of stainless steel, under the action of a relatively large grinding force, the metal undergoes plastic deformation, lattice dislocation and the strengthening coefficient increases, making the surface hardness of the workpiece 1.4 to 2.2 times higher than that of the base material. This phenomenon is most serious when grinding austenitic stainless steel. Meanwhile, due to the high grinding temperature, the surface of the workpiece will also undergo annealing, and the annealing depth can sometimes reach 0.01 to 0.02mm.
4.The workpiece has a large deformation. The linear expansion coefficient of stainless steel is approximately 50% higher than that of common steel, which makes it prone to thermal expansion and contraction, as well as dimensional and shape errors. Especially when grinding slender shafts and thin-walled workpieces, bending, warping, unevenness or dimensional changes are prone to occur.
5.It is difficult to attach clips in the flat grinding of non-magnetic stainless steel. Austenitic stainless steels such as 1Cr18Ni9Ti cannot be magnetized. During surface grinding, the workpiece can only be clamped by mechanical means or special fixtures. When grinding thin plates, only the side of the workpiece can be clamped, which will cause deformation of the workpiece and also lead to vibration during grinding.
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